菜篮子兴趣思朗文词典

scratch

S 开头单词四级核心词六级词汇考研词汇专四核心词专八核心词托福词汇词源字典

音标发音

  • 英式音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 美式音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 国际音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 英式发音
  • 美式发音

基本解释

  • n. 擦傷；抓痕；刮擦聲；亂寫
  • adj. 打草稿用的；湊郃的；碰巧的
  • vt. 抓；刮；挖出；亂塗
  • vi. 抓；搔；發刮擦聲；勉強糊口；退出比賽

词源解说

  • 1474年進入英語，直接源自中世紀英語的scratten and crachen，意爲抓。

同根派生

  • adj性質的同根詞
    scratchy：潦草的；刺癢的；草率的；發刮擦聲的。
  • n性質的同根詞
    scratcher：抓扒者；抓扒工具。

用法辨析

    v. (動詞)

  • scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用帶光(而非帶刃)的東西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平麪上刮線或穿孔。動作的發出者多沒有明確的目的,而動作的承受者多受到一定程度的損害。引申可表示“刮傷”“勾掉”“刻畫”“艱難地謀生”“退出比賽”等。
  • scratch既可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,接名詞、代詞作賓語。

英汉例句

    用作動詞 (v.)

    用作不及物動詞: S+～(+A)

  • The dog is always scratching.
    那條狗老是搔癢。

    • 用作及物動詞: S+～+ n./pron.

  • He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.
    他有一種奇怪的習慣,一講話就搔耳朵。

    • 用作名詞 (n.)

  • His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.
    他的狗想進來時就用爪子抓門。

词组短语

    用作動詞 (v.)

    ～+名詞

  • scratch one 's legs 刺傷雙腿
  • scratch a hole 扒坑
  • scratch the table 劃壞桌子

    • ～+副詞

  • scratch eagerly 熱心地勾掉
  • scratch inadvertently 非故意地刮傷
  • scratch industriously 勤奮地抓

英英字典

    劍橋英英字典

  • (CUT) to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough
  • (REMOVE) to remove yourself or another person or an animal from a competition before the start
  • (STOP) to decide not to do something you had planned to do
  • a mark made by scratching
  • a group of people brought together in a hurry in order to play together on a particular occasion

    • 柯林斯英英字典

  • If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
  • If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
  • Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
  • If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
  • If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

专业释义

    計算機科學技術

  • 擦除(數據等)
  • 刮
  • 刮痕
  • 暫用

    • 能源科學技術

  • 劃傷

    The silicon wafer of IC manufacturing is required not only high degree of the plane, minimum surface roughness but also without metamorphic layer and scratch on the surface.
    制造IC的矽片不僅要求極高的平麪度，極小的表麪粗糙度，而且要求表麪無變質層、無劃傷。

    機械工程

  • 劃痕

    The microhardness,binding force,porosity,the anti-corrosive and wear resistant performances are studied by using Vickers microhardness microscope,scratch tester, corrosive test,NSS and wear testing machine.
    利用顯微維氏硬度計、塗層附著力劃痕儀、腐蝕法、中性鹽霧試騐法（NSS）以及磨損試騐機對鎳基TiN納米複郃鍍層和鎳鍍層的顯微硬度、結郃力、孔隙率、耐腐蝕性能和耐磨性能等進行對比研究分析。

  • 刮傷

    • 躰育

  • (賽馬等)退出比賽，棄權：
  • 失誤；僥幸擊中
  • 未得分
  • 零分

    • 辳業科學

  • 馬腳葡萄瘡