不定式和分詞作狀語的區別

一、現在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區別

主要區別在於：現在分詞與脩飾的主語爲主動關系，過去分詞與脩飾的主語是被動的關系。

（1）現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

（2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作和句子的主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

二、動詞不定式和分詞做狀語的區別

（1）分詞常常表示爲伴隨，而動詞不定式表示目的。

They stood by the roadside taking about the plan. //分詞表示伴隨

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan. //不定式表示目的

（2）分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。

Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch. //分詞表示原因

Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. //分詞表示時間

Reading carefully, you'll learn something new. //分詞表示條件

His family was too poor to support him. //不定式表結果

The boy is not tall enough to reach the book. //不定式表示結果

We are glad to hear the news. //不定式表示原因\

三、下麪句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的：

（1）not/ never too...to/ too...not to, but/ only too..to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to表示肯定意義。

（2）做結果狀語的不定式衹能出現在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find,hear,see,be told,form,give,make,produce等。

（3）不定式作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般爲句子的主語，否則用for引導主語。