前缀 mis- 含义、词源和同源词
英：
mis- (1)
prefix meaning "bad, wrong," from O.E. mis-, from P.Gmc. *missa- "divergent, astray" (cf. O.Fris., O.S. mis-, M.Du. misse-, O.H.G. missa-, Ger. miß-, O.N. mis-, Goth. missa-), perhaps lit. "in a changed manner," and with a root sense of "difference, change" (cf. Goth. misso "mutually"), and thus from PIE *mit-to-, from root *mei- "to change" (see mutable); cf. Watkins. Others [Barnhart] see in P.Gmc. *missa- the stem of an ancient past participle, related to O.E. missan "fail to hit" (see miss (v.)), which is from the same PIE root.
Productive as word-forming element in Old English (e.g. mislæran "to give bad advice, teach amiss"). In 14c.-16c. in a few verbs its sense began to be felt as "unfavorably" and was used as an intensive prefix with verbs already expressing negative feeling (e.g. misdoubt). Practically a separate word in Old and early Middle English (and often written as such). Old English also had an adjective (mislic "diverse, unlike, various") and an adverb (mislice "in various directions, wrongly, astray") derived from it, corresponding to Ger. misslich (adj.).
mis- (2)
in mischief, miscreant, etc., represents O.Fr. mes- "bad, badly, wrong, wrongly," from V.L. minus-, from L. minus "less" (see minus), which was not used as a prefix. Perhaps influenced in Old French by *miss-, the Frankish equivalent of mis- (1).
1.misapprehend
v.misunderstand误会 prehend(=like)
例句：I hope you won't misapprehend our good intentions.我希望您不要误会我们的好意。
2.mischance
n.bad luck 不幸，不顺
例句：The slightest mischance with the weather could jeopardize the entire missinon.哪怕天气有哪一点点变化，都会危及整个任务的完成。
3.mischievous
adj.causing mischief;fond of mischief恶意的；淘气的，恶作剧的
例句：It's hard to believe John could have been so mischievous as a boy.真的难以相信，约翰小时候曾经那样淘气。
4.misconstruction
n.false or inaccurate interpretation or understanding 误解，错误的说明，曲解 struct(=build)
例句：Many a war has started by a simple misconstruction of another's actions.许多战争都是由于误解一方的行为而引发的。
5.misconstrue
v.get a wrong idea of somebody's words, acts ,etc.误解，曲解stru(=build)
例句：Perhaps you misconstrued what he was trying to say to you.也许你误解了他要告诉你的话。
6.misdemeanor
n.offense less serious than a felony;bad behavior轻罪；恶行 de(=down),mean (=lead)
例句：The records show the man had been arrested for misdemeanors three times before.记录表胆，这个男人以前曾三次因轻罪被拘留。
7.misgiving
n.feelilng of doubt,suspicion,distrust,etc.(pl.)疑惑，不安，不信
例句：If you have any misgivings about this marriage,I suggest you cancel it.如果你对这桩婚姻存在哪怕一点疑虑，我建议你还是取消它。
8.mishap
n.unlucky accident;bad luck灾难，不幸
例句：Fortunately the meeting was held without any mishaps.幸运的是，会议进行得很顺利，没有发生什么意外。
9.mislead
v.lead wrongly误导
例句：I don't want to mislead you into thinking the job will be easy.我不想误导你，让你觉得那份工作很容易。
10.misnomer
n.wrong use of a name or word 误称 nom<nomin(=name)
例句：We believe the term "correctional prison" is a misnomer.我们相信“教导所”这个词是误称。