祁连山太极英语学习笔记-动词过去式和过去分词
1）The dogs ran and jumped.
这些狗又跑又跳。
2）I am happy.
我是快乐的。
1.原形：动词的基本形态
做一般现在时，从过去到现在持续的状态
2.过去式：
做一般过去时，过去的状态，翻译为“了”
3.过去分词：
（1）和助动词have结合做完成时，已经做了，翻译为“已经...”
（2）和助动词be结合做被动语态，翻译为“被做...”
1）I do something.
我做一些事。
2）I did my homework.
我做了作业。
3）I have done all the things.
我已经做完了所有事情。
The homework is done/have been done.
作业被做了/已经被做了。
4）原形：Don't forget to lock the door.别忘了关上门。
过去式：Are you sure you locked the front door？你确定锁了前门吗？
过去分词：I have locked the doors and windows.我已经锁好了门窗。
The doors are locked from the inside.门从里面被锁上了。
（1）大部分动词在圆形词尾加ed
| 原形 | 过去式（已经...） | 过去分词（被...） |
| ask 问 | asked | asked |
| end 结束 | ended | ended |
| walk 走 | walked | walked |
| want 想要 | wanted | wanted |
| work 工作 | worked | worked |
| look 看 | looked | looked |
（2）词尾为e者只加d（e通常不发音）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| agree 同意 | agreed | agreed |
| die 死 | died | died |
| like 喜欢 | liked | liked |
| live 居住 | lived | lived |
| cite 引用 | cited | cited |
| love 爱 | loved | loved |
| guide引导 | guided | guided |
| welcome 欢迎 | welcomed | welcomed |
（3）词尾为辅音+y者，将y改成i，再加ed
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| cry 哭 | cried | cried |
| dry 弄干 | dried | dried |
| try 尝试 | tried | tried |
| study 学习 | studied | studied |
（4）词尾为元音+y者，直接在y后加ed
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| delay 延迟 | delayed | delayed |
| obey 遵守 | obeyed | obeyed |
| destroy 破坏 | destroyed | destroyed |
| play 玩 | played |
played |
（5）短元音字母+单辅音字母，企鹅为单音节词，要重复辅音字母
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| beg 祈求 | begged | begged |
| pat 轻拍 | patted | patted |
| rob 抢 | robbed | robbed |
| drop 滴下 | dropped | dropped |
| plan 计划 | planned | planned |
| stop 停止 | stopped | stopped |
| wed 结婚 | wedded | wedded |
（6）两个音节的词，重音在第二音节，词尾为单辅音字母时，需要重复辅音字母
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| admit 承认 | admitted | admitted |
| occur 发生 | occurred | occurred |
| omit 省略 | omitted | omitted |
| control 控制 | controlled | controlled |
| permit 允许 | permitted | permitted |
| prefer 比较喜欢 | preferred | preferred |
| transfer 转移 | transferred | transferred |
（5）（6）可归纳为重读闭音节结尾，不论是一个还是两个音节词，一律双写词尾字母。
元音紫门结尾叫开音节，辅音字母结尾叫闭音节。闭音节氛围重读闭音节和非重读闭音节。以元音+辅音结尾的单词，是闭音节词，元音发短音，所以是重读闭音节词。
（7）词尾为c，发音为/k/时，加字母k再加ed
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| picnic 野餐 | picnicked | picnicked |
| birouac 露营 | birouacked | birouacked |
| mimic 模仿 | mimicked | mimicked |
| frolic 嬉戏 | frolicked | frolicked |
2.不规则的变化
（1）A-A-A型
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| read 读 | read | read |
| cost 话费 | cost | cost |
| cut 切 | cut | cut |
| hit 打 | hit | hit |
| hurt 伤害 | hurt | hurt |
| let 让 | let |
let |
| put 放 | put | put |
| set 设定 | set | set |
| shut 关闭 | shut | shut |
（2）A-B-A型
|
原形 |
过去式 | 过去分词 |
| come 来 | came | come |
| become 变成 | became | become |
| overcome 克服 | overcame | overcome |
| run 跑 | ran | run |
（3）A-A-B型
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| beat 打 | beat | beaten |
（4）A-B-B型
加t既成过去式和过去分词
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| burn 燃烧 | burnt，burned | burnt，burned |
| deal 交易 | dealt | dealt |
| dream 做梦 | dreamt，dreamed | dreamt，dreamed |
| lean 依靠 | leant，leaned | leant，leaned |
| learn 学习 | learnt，learned | learnt，learned |
| mearn 意思是 | meant | meant |
|
spoil 宠坏 |
spoilt，spoiled | spoilt，spoiled |
去一个辅音字母再加t
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
|
smell 闻 |
smelt，smelled |
smelt，smelled |
|
spell 拼词 |
spelt，spelled | spelt，spelled |
| spill 洒出 | spilt，spilled | spilt，spilled |
以字母d结尾，将d改成t
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| bend 玩去 | bent | bent |
| build 建造 | built | built |
| lend 借 | lent | lent |
| rend 撕碎 | rent | rent |
| send 送寄 | sent | sent |
| spend 话费 | spent | spent |
将两个相同元音变成一个元音
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| bleed 流血 | bled | bled |
| breed 养育 | bred | bred |
| feed 喂 | fed | fed |
| meet 遇见 | met | met |
| shoot 射击 | shot | shot |
| leed 带领 | led | led |
将i改成u
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| cling 抓紧 | clung | clung |
| dig 挖掘 | dug | dug |
| sling 投掷 | slung | slung |
| stick 粘贴，刺 | stuck | stuck |
| strick 打击 | struck | struck |
| swing 摆动 | swung | swung |
| wring 拧扭 | wrung | wrung |
将i改成ou
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| bind 捆绑 | bound | bound |
| find 找到 | found | found |
| wind 蜿蜒 | wound | wound |
去掉一个元音再+t
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| feel 觉得 | felt | felt |
| keep 保持 | kept | kept |
| kneel 跪 | knelt | knelt |
| sleep 睡 | slept | slept |
| sweep 扫 |
swept |
swept |
| weep 哭泣 | wept | wept |
augh或ough
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| bring 带来 |
brought |
brought |
| buy 买 | bought | bought |
| catch 捕获 | caught | caught |
| fight 大家 | fought | fought |
| seek 寻找 | sought | sought |
| teach 教 | taught | taught |
| thingk 想 | thought | thought |
去掉词尾e
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| bite 咬 | bit | bit |
| hide 躲藏 | hid | hid |
| slide 滑行 | slid | slid |
将y改成id
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| lay 放置 | laid | laid |
| pay 付钱 | paid | paid |
| say 说 | said | said |
其它类型
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| sell 卖 | sold | sold |
| tell 告诉 | told | told |
| hold 握住 | held | held |
| awake 叫醒 | awoke | awoke |
| forget 旺季 | forgot | forgot |
| get 得到 | got | got |
| have 有 | had |
had |
| hear 听到 | heard | heard |
| leave 离开 | left | left |
|
light 点燃 |
light，lit | light，lit |
|
lose 遗失 |
lost | lost |
|
make 制造 |
made | made |
|
sit 坐 |
sat | sat |
|
stand 站 |
stood | stood |
|
understand 理解 |
understood | understood |
|
wake 醒来 |
woke，waked | woke，waked |
|
win 赢 |
won |
won |
|
hang 悬挂 |
hung | hung |
（5）A-B-C型
元音全部不同
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| begin 开始 | began | begun |
| drink 喝 | drank | drnnk |
| ring 铃响 | rang | rung |
| sing 唱 | sang | sung |
| swim 有用 | swam | swum |
| drive 开车 | drove | driven |
| rise 上升 | rose | risen |
| ride 骑 | rode | ridden |
过去式和过去分词元音相同
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| bear 忍受 | bore | born |
|
wear 穿着 |
wore | worn |
| break 打破 | broke | broken |
| speak 说话 | spoke | spoken |
| steal 偷 | stole | stolen |
| choose 选择 | chose | chosen |
| freeze 结冰 | froze | fozen |
| lie 躺 | lay | lain |
其它
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| eat 吃 | ate | eaten |
| give 给 | gave | given |
| see 看 | saw | seen |
| shake 摇动 | shook | shaken |
| take 拿 | took | taken |
| fly 飞 | flew | flown |
| know 知道 | knew | known |
|
throw 投掷 |
threw | thrown |
（6）助动词的变化
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| shall 将 | should | - |
| will 将 | would | - |
| can 能 | could | - |
| may 也去 | might | - |
| must 必须 | - | - |
| ought 必须 | - |
- |
| do 做 | did | done |
| be 是，在，被 | was/were |
been |